Reference and Reading List - How to Tame and Train Your Mustang

Is the horses a native species to North America?

Just Google this question and you will find the answer.

YES, THE HORSE IS NATIVE SPECIES TO NORTH AMERICA

The general public is confused about this question

There is a war going on between livestock owners who lease public lands and all species of animals who are native to those same public lands.  Public lands ranchers lobby Congress to have all predators and animals that compete for forage forcibly, permanently removed.  They want all the food value for their livestock.  This causes many problems. 

So what i the purpose o a debate or the value of understanding if horses were reintroduced by European settlers or were present throughout time?  If you search the Internet for the answer to this question some publications will be older and present one conclusion.  More recent publications which used cutting edge research technology present a different conclusion.   Until recently (~2018) archeology and the study of ancient land mammals had not focused on investigating the DNA of the bones uncovered.

THE HORSE DID NOT EVER GO EXTINCT IN NORTH AMERICA

Using modern technology shows that the DNA records of North American horses collected from samples dated in the timeframe claimed by the extinction theory, match horses tested from Europe and Asia.  There is no gap in the presence of horse DNA in ancient records.

If you read OUT OF DATE STUDIES you will be presented with the conclusion that YES HORSES DID GO EXTINCT in North America at the end of the last Ice Age, about 8,000 BCE.  Modern technology has updated this misunderstanding.

 

Good Reading

 America's Obstinate Public Lands Establishment Takes Aim At America's Last Wild Horses Craig D 2023.pdf

Ancestral Mother of All Horses Galloped 160,000 Years Ago by Elizabeth Lopatto - Jan 30, 2012.pdf

Ancient DNA found in soil samples reveals Yukon wild horses survived thousands of years.pdf

The Horse and Burro as Positively Contributing Returned Natives in North America.pdf

The relationship between the indigenous peoples of the Americas and the horse: deconstructing a Eurocentric myth   Yvette-Running-Horse-Collin

Early dispersal of domestic horses into the Great Plains and northern Rockies 'Science Vol 379, Issue 6639 Mar 23

Field Museum Presents the Horse.pdf

Fossil treasures from the frozen ground.pdf

Genetic Dynamics of Mustang and Feral Horse Populations in Western US Jan24.pdf

Livestock Use on Public Lands 267_2022_Article_1633.pdf

Mitochondrial genomes from modern horses reveal the major haplogroups that underwent domestication.pdf

Nativeness Dr Ross MacPhee American Museum Natural History.pdf

Scientists have sequenced DNA from 700,000 year old horse.pdf

The Evolution of Horses American Museum of Natural History.pdf

The Horse and Burro as Positively Contributing Returned Natives in North America 2014 Craig Downner.pdf

The Horse is Indigenous to North America Kelsey Dayle John.pdf

The Relationship Between the People of the Americas and Their Horse.pdf

The Survival of Horses in Pre-Columbian America by Terry McNamee 2013.pdf

Wild Horses as Native North American Wildlife by Jay Kirkpatrick.pdf

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